Deled first and 2nd year English important notes, deled second year English notes

 ELEMENTS OF LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING

1. MORPHOLOGY
2. SEMANTICS
3. GRAPHOLOGY
4. PHONOLOGY
5. SYNTAX

The covet sequence of language teaching is.

→ L > S > R > W

1. LISTENING
2. SPEAKING
3. READING
4. WRITING

Methods and Approaches -

( 1 ) Method → A method is an overall procedure an orderly presentation of language material to the pupils. Many methods are present in approach.

( 2 ) Approach → An approach refers to different theories about the nature of language and how language are learnt . An approach narrat about the nature of the subject matter to be taught  . An approach is a self - evident of reaching the way desired gorl .

What is approach?

Self-evident way of reading the desired results.

VARIOUS METHODS OF TEACHING ENGLISH

( 1 ) Grammer - cum - translation Method (G.T method)-

It is aslo called  " Classical Method " . G.T. method is oldest method of language Teaching.

The prime supporters of G.T. Method Johan Seiden , kaval Plotz and Johan Medingar.

Principles of G. T. Method -

( 1 ) Grammar The soul of the language .

( 2 ) Translation is the key to understand a foreign language .

Characteristics -

• Unit of teaching is ward .
• Word to ward translation is done.
• Excessive use of mother tongue.
• Little active use of the target language .
• Move emphasis on reading and writing .
• Grammar is taught deductively .
• Text book occupies an important role .
• Rules of grammar are memorized .
• Separate books on grammar.

Advantages

• Develops accuracy in writing.
• Develops art of translation .
• Very useful in developing skills of reading and comprehension .
• Requires minimum teaching aids .
• Saves times and energy of teachers .

Disadvantages -

• Promotes no Communicative ability .
• Total neglect of spoken language .
• Too much emphasis grammar veules .
• Totally against the pedagogical views of language.
• Teacher dominating monotonous process .

( 2 ) THE DIRECT METHOD

It was a reaction against G.T. Method . This method was advocated by Michael West . It originated in France probably in 1901 . The Direct Method of teaching a foreign language is also known as - Natural Method , Mother's , Oral Method etc.

Characteristics -

• Sentence is the unit of teaching
• Emphasis on oral work .
• Creating direct bond between word and idea .
• Use of mother tongue is restricted .
• Grammar is taught inductively .
• Transation and formal grammar are ignored .
• Follows the maximum of teaching from simple to complex and concrete to abstract .

Advantages-

• This is a natural method of teaching because English is taught in the same way as the mother tongue is taught .
• It is based on educational & psychological principle.
• enables students to understand English the help of mother tongue .
• It enables students to understand English without the help of mother tongue.
• It gives fluency in speech .
• It gives frequency in speech.
• It follows the proper sequence of learning language skill i.e. LSRW.

Disadvantage -

• It is an incomplete method because it gives mare emphasis on listening & speaking .
• It is an expensive method .
• This method is not applied in overcrowded classroom .
• It is a time consuming method.
• Lack af trained teachers .

(3) BILINGUAL METHOD

This given by C. J. Dodson. The bilingual method is modern language teaching method .

The method was developed by C.J. Dodson of Wales . It is a mid - way between grammar -cum - translation Method and the Direct method .It is an improved method . The teacher gives an Oral mother tongue ( MT ) stimulus to get the foreign language to get action ( R ) from the students .

Characteristics -

• There are sentence is unit of teaching.
• Mother tongue is used to teach the meaning of words , phrases , and sentences .
• Teacher uses mother tongue only.
• Word for word translation is not done .
• Mother tongue is used only at early stages .

Advantages -

• It gives fluency in speech as it gives speech practice .
• This method suits majority of Indian teachers.
• It is economical and time saving.

Disadvantage-

• This method may deteriorate (degenerate) into G.T method 
• Any language can't translate exactly into another language.
• it is not only useful at junior levels .

(4) AUDIO LINGUAL METHOD

It is also known as Army Method .Based on the principles of behaviour psychology .

→ Language learning : - Matter of habit formation. Emphasis on L & S. ( Listening & Speaking ) Developed during the World War II to train soldiers in English .

Characteristics :

• New material : - Dialogue farm .
• Stress on mimicry , memorization and over learning .
• Structure are sequenced by means of constructive analysis and taught one at a time.
• Little explanation of grammar .
• Grammar - Inductive .
• Audio -visual method are primary.
• Importance to pronunciation .
• Very little use of MT .
• Successful responses are reinforced .
• Over learning is sought .

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Deled 1st and 2nd year notes :